Quick answer

APS testing hunts three antibodies (lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, beta-2 glycoprotein I) in patients with unexplained clots, pregnancy losses, or thrombocytopenia. Diagnosis requires TWO positive tests 12+ weeks apart — transient positives from infection or inflammation don't count.

The triple antibody panel

  • Lupus anticoagulant (functional clotting assay — paradoxically causes in-vitro prolongation despite IN-VIVO clotting)
  • Anticardiolipin antibodies (IgG/IgM)
  • Anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I antibodies (IgG/IgM)

Clinical criteria triggering testing

  • Vascular thrombosis: any venous/arterial/small-vessel clot, unprovoked or at unusual site
  • Pregnancy morbidity: ≥3 early losses <10 weeks, ≥1 fetal loss ≥10 weeks, or preterm delivery due to severe pre-eclampsia/placental insufficiency
  • Thrombocytopenia, livedo reticularis, prolonged aPTT incidentally discovered

The 12-week persistence rule

Transient antibody positivity occurs with infections, medications, and normal aging — single-positive results mislead constantly. Formal APS diagnosis requires moderate-to-high-titer positivity CONFIRMED ≥12 weeks apart. This rule saves countless people from unwarranted lifelong anticoagulation.

Catastrophic APS

Rare (<1% of APS) but life-threatening: rapid multi-organ thrombosis from microvascular occlusion. CAPS registries track trigger identification (infection/surgery/pregnancy) and aggressive triple-therapy protocols (anticoagulation + steroids + plasma exchange).

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Frequently asked questions

What does lupus anticoagulant test if I'm already on warfarin?

Warfarin interferes with LA testing — specialized mixing studies or DOAC-specific assays needed; inform laboratory of anticoagulant status.

Positive APS with negative standard clotting tests — possible?

LA testing requires specialized clotting assays, not routine PT/PTT — negative standard tests don't rule it out.